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TYPES OF STDs

• Gonorrhea
• Chlamydia
• Syphilis
• Genital Herpes

Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and syphilis are sexually transmitted infections (STI). These three STIs can cause serious long term complications if they are not treated on time especially for teenagers and young women.

WHAT CAUSES GONORRHEA AND CHLAMYDIA?

Both gonorrhea and chlamydia are caused by bacteria. The bacteria passed from one person to another person through vaginal, anal or oral sex. Gonorrhea and chlamydia often occur together.

WHERE DO THESE INFECTIONS OCCUR?

Gonorrhea and chlamydia infections can occur in the mouth, urethra, reproductive organs and rectum. In women, the most common place is the cervix (the opening of the uterus).

AT WHAT AGE DO THESE INFECTIONS MOST COMMONLY OCCUR?
Although chlamydia and gonorrhea can occur at any age, young women and teenagers who are sexually active are at greater risk of both infections.

Women with chlamydia or gonorrhea often have no symptoms. When symptoms from either of the infection do occur, they may show up couple days to 3 weeks after infection. They may be very mild and can also be mistaken for a urinary tract or vaginal infection. The most common symptoms in women include the following:

• A yellow vaginal discharge
• Painful or frequent urination
• Rectal bleeding, discharge, or pain
• Vaginal bleeding between menstrual periods

To find out if you have gonorrhea or chlamydia, your health care professional may take a sample of cells from your throat, cervix, then urethra, or rectum where the infection may occur. Gonorrhea and chlamydia can be detected by doing a urine test.

What are the complications of infection with gonorrhea and chlamydia?
Both gonorrhea and chlamydia can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), an infection that occurs when bacteria move from the vagina into cervix upward to the uterus, ovaries, or fallopian tubes. After a woman is infected with gonorrhea or chlamydia and if she does not receive treatment, it can take anywhere from days to few weeks before developing PID.

How is infection with gonorrhea and chlamydia treated?
Chlamydia and Gonorrhea both are treated with antibiotics. You will need to be retested 3 months after treatment to see if the infection is completely gone.

WHAT CAUSES SYPHILIS?

Syphilis is caused by bacteria. It differs from gonorrhea and chlamydia because it occurs in different stages. It is spread more easily in some stages than in others.

HOW IS SYPHILIS SPREAD?

The bacteria that because syphilis enter the body through a cut in the skin or through contact with a sore from syphilis known as a chancre. Because this sore commonly occurs on the vulva, vagina, anus, or penis, syphilis most often is spread through sexual contact. It can be spread by touching the, warts, rash or infected blood during the secondary stage of infection.

Symptoms of syphilis differ by stage:

• Primary stage—Syphilis will first appear as a painless chancre. This sore goes away without treatment anywhere between 3–6 weeks.
• Secondary stage—The second stage begins as chancre which is healing or several weeks after the chancre has disappeared, when a rash might appear. The rash usually appears on the soles of the feet and palms of the hands. Flat warts may also be seen on the vulva. During this stage, there might be flu-like symptoms. This stage is highly contagious.
• Latent and late stages—The rash and other symptoms of syphilis will go away in a few weeks or months, but disease still is present in the body. If untreated, the disease may return in its more serious form years later.

HOW IS SYPHILIS DIAGNOSED?

In the early stages of syphilis, discharge from open sores is examined to see if syphilis bacteria are present. In later stages, a blood test can be done to check for antibodies to the bacteria.

WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS OF SYPHILIS?

Late stage syphilis is a serious illness., neurological problems, Heart problems and tumors may occur, leading to brain damage, paralysis, blindness, and even death. The genital sores caused by syphilis also make it easier to become infected with and can transmit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

HOW IS SYPHILIS TREATED?

Syphilis is treated with antibiotics. If Syphilis is diagnosed and treated early, long-term complications can be prevented. The length of treatment will depend on how long a person has had the syphilis.

You can take some steps to avoid getting chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis. These safeguards also help protect against other STIs:

• By using a condom, both male and female condoms are sold over the counter in drug stores. They will help protect against STIs.
• Limiting your sexual partners. With more sexual partners you have over a lifetime, the higher your risk of getting STIs.
• Knowing your partner’s sexual history. And ask whether he or she has had STIs. Even if your partner has no symptoms, he or she still may be infected.
• Avoiding contact with any sores on the genitals.